Fructan Risk in Grass – What Horse Owners Need to Know

What Is Fructan?

Fructan is a storage sugar produced by grasses through photosynthesis. When a plant produces more sugar than it can use for growth, the excess is stored as fructan in stems and leaves. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), which dominates most horse pastures, can accumulate particularly high fructan levels.

For healthy horses, fructan in normal amounts is harmless. It becomes problematic when concentrations in the grass spike – because even short grazing periods can then deliver a dangerous amount of fructan.

Why Is Fructan Dangerous for Horses?

Horses cannot digest fructan in the small intestine. It passes undigested into the hindgut, where bacteria rapidly ferment it. This causes acidosis in the gut, killing beneficial bacteria and releasing toxins (endotoxins) into the bloodstream.

These endotoxins can trigger laminitis – an extremely painful inflammation of the sensitive laminae in the hoof, which in severe cases leads to rotation of the coffin bone. Horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), Cushing's disease (PPID), obesity, or a history of laminitis are especially at risk.

Which Weather Factors Influence Fructan Risk?

Fructan concentration in grass is heavily influenced by weather conditions. The key factors are:

• Sunlight – More sun means more photosynthesis and therefore more fructan production.
• Low temperatures – Below about 5°C (41°F), grass barely grows but continues to store fructan. Night frost followed by a sunny day is particularly critical.
• Drought – Stressed grass grows slower and accumulates fructan.
• Cloud cover and rain – Overcast, mild days with precipitation promote growth and tend to lower fructan levels.
• Wind – Strong wind can stress grass and increase evaporation, indirectly affecting fructan content.

The most dangerous conditions typically occur in spring and autumn: cold nights followed by sunny days, when grass is full of energy but barely growing.

How Does the Grassrisk Traffic Light Work?

Grassrisk analyses hourly weather data for your location and calculates a risk score. This is displayed as a simple traffic light system:

How to Use Grassrisk

Using the app is simple and free:

1. Enter your location or pasture – or use GPS.
2. Check the current traffic light colour and risk score.
3. Plan your horse's grazing time according to the recommendation.

You can also view the forecast for the coming days to plan the week ahead. With an account, you can save locations and receive push notifications when risk is high.

Practical Tips for Laminitis Prevention

• Keep morning grazing short – fructan builds up overnight in cold temperatures and is only reduced through growth during the day.
• After frost with sunshine the following day: avoid or severely limit grazing.
• Overweight horses and those with EMS/Cushing's should always be grazed in a controlled manner.
• Don't let them graze too short – fructan concentration is highest in the bottom 5cm of stems.
• Increase spring grazing time very gradually and check risk daily.

Frequently Asked Questions